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Santa María la Blanca
Santa María la Blanca (literally ''Saint Mary the White'', originally known as the ''Ibn Shushan Synagogue'', or commonly "The Congregational Synagogue of Toledo'") is a museum and former synagogue in Toledo, Spain. Erected in 1180,〔According to an inscription on a beam.〕 it is disputably considered the oldest synagogue building in Europe still standing. It is now owned and preserved by the Catholic Church.
Its stylistic and cultural classification is unique as it was constructed under the Christian Kingdom of Castile by Islamic architects for Jewish use. It is considered a symbol of the cooperation that existed among the three cultures that populated the Iberian Peninsula during the Middle Ages.
==Style==
The synagogue is a Mudéjar construction, created by Moorish architects on Christian soil for non-Islamic purposes. But it can also be considered one of the finest example of Almohad architecture because of its construction elements and style. The plain white interior walls as well as the use of brick and of pillars instead of columns are characteristics of Almohad architecture.〔Dodds, Jerrilyn; Mann, Vivian & Glick, Thomas, eds. ''Convivencia: Jews, Muslims, and Christians in medieval Spain'' (New York : G. Braziller in association with the Jewish Museum, 1992)〕 The typology also presents nuances in its classification, because although it was constructed as a synagogue, its hypostyle room, and the lack of a women's gallery, make it closer in character to a mosque. Though it does not have a women's gallery today, it did at one time have a women's gallery according to an early 20th-century architect.〔Czekelius, D. "Antiquas Sinagogas de Espana" ''Arquitectura'' 12, no. 150 (Oct. 1931)〕
It became a church in 1405 or 1411,〔Krinsky, Carol Herselle, ''Synagogues of Europe: Architecture, History, Meaning'' (Cambridge; MIT Press 1985) ISBN 0-262-11097-0〕 but no major reforms were done for the change. It took then the name of Santa María la Blanca (Saint Mary, the White), and today it is known by this name.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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